Panama

A country at the nexus of two continents.

The flyways of the Americas converge along the thin isthmus that connects the continents. Each year millions of migratory shorebirds fuel their journeys in Panama’s rich mudflats and mangrove forests, making this small country tremendously important to migratory avifauna.                                              

Panama Bay alone hosts a third of the global population of Western Sandpipers, a fifth of the world’s semipalmated Plovers, and dozens of other North American migratory bird species. But away from the coasts, Panama has a wide range of other important bird habitats—humid jungles, dry deserts, and 11,000-foot-high cloud forests—that host more than 1,000 bird species.

Unfortunately, Panama’s wildlife-supporting ecosystems face many threats, including unsustainable development, polluted runoff, and root-strangling trash.

Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ’s work in Panama

The Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ has been working to support science and conservation action across Panama since 2006, in partnership with the (our BirdLife International partner), government agencies, and the private sector. Our key focus areas include…

  • Science and Monitoring: We use new and expanded species monitoring and scientific analysis to identify important habitat areas and support decision-making.
  • Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation: As part of the , Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ supports future-focused management of Panama’s wetlands and other habitats.
  • Community Engagement: We boost citizen awareness through school programs and outreach, to grow and empower a community of people who care about birds and understand the importance of conservation.
  • Capacity Building: The Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ and Panama Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ Society work together to build local conservation capacity and support more effective, targeted actions that improve management of wetlands and other priority areas. 

Where We Work in Panama

  • Bay of Panama 

  • Bay of Parita 

  • °ä³ó¾±°ù¾±±ç³Üí 

How We Work in Panama

Coastal Resilience

With 2,490 km (1,550 miles ) of coastline, Panama is a focal point for Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ’s coastal resilience strategy, which aims to restore or improve the management of 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of coastal bird habitat in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Panama, we’re working to mainstream nature-based and green infrastructure solutions into national and regional planning and policy, to encourage smarter development and preserve the services that intact coastal ecosystems provide.


  • Mangroves - 1.1 Mt COâ‚‚/ha Reduce wave height 66%, ease erosion and flood risk, serve as nurseries for fish
  • Seagrasses - 6.7 Mt COâ‚‚/ha Generate 30,000 additional fish per hectare annually
  • Coastal wetlands, including salt marshes - 7.6 Mt COâ‚‚/ha Generate fish, provide natural defense from storms, can treat wastewater

We’re prototyping this strategy via a project that will protect and . The project, a collaboration with the Inter-American Development Bank and the Panama Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ Society, will help Panama to:

  • ​Include the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems in the country’s nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Climate Agreement
  • Support stronger climate adaptation efforts
  • Reduce degradation and coastal deforestation
  • Build mechanisms that drive funding toward mangrove and coastal conservation
  • Drive behavioral change in local constituencies to support the conservation of natural assets
Valuing, Protecting, and Enhancing Coastal Natural Capital of Panama

Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ is collaborating with the and our local partner the Panama Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ Society on a that supports carbon capture, biodiversity, human well-being, and coastal resilience. The project aims to elevate the importance of Panama’s coastal mangrove ecosystems and related wetlands, the carbon they sequester, and the biodiversity and livelihoods they support by shifting perceptions of the value of natural capital.

We are achieving this goal through a multi-pronged approach that includes:

  • Delivering robust science that establishes a blue-carbon baseline
  • Establishing economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by mangroves and related wetlands
  • Building knowledge, awareness, and engagement with key stakeholders to drive action that increases protection of these ecosystems
  • Strengthening policies that promote mangrove conservation and reforestation.

These efforts will be applied in the Bay of Panama, with its mosaic of urban landscapes and mangrove habitat, and the Bay of Parita, a rural landscape in a state of transition. The  (Patrimonio Natural Azul) lays the technical and scientific foundations to support the Panama government’s climate agenda, as it carries out an aggressive review and update of its climate policies. Our project informs current international commitments such as Panama’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), by developing methodologies and baselines for blue-carbon accounting and potential mangrove restoration. It also justifies more ambitious climate-related efforts by helping to develop policies and management capacities. It supports the development of a blue carbon market and other instruments derived from climate change policies.

Growing Support for Shorebirds and Coastal Wetland Conservation in Priority Areas

The Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ and the Panama Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ Society have teamed up to improve coastal wetland conservation in the Bays of Panama and Parita. These habitats on Panama’s Pacific coast offer some of the most important stopover and wintering habitats for neotropical migrant shorebird species in the Americas.

The initiative includes analyses of shorebird population levels and efforts to prevent the loss of mangrove cover in the Bay of Panama. It also supports the development of a conservation plan for the Bay of Parita that engages key stakeholders, identifies threats, and plots a path for future conservation efforts. Finally, it addresses coastal solid waste—in particular plastics that are killing off mangrove forests, reducing roosting habitat, and presenting a direct threat to shorebirds through ingestion.

Building a Constituency

Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ and its partners are building momentum and public commitment to bird conservation by engaging one million people across the hemisphere. Our efforts in Panama center around the program, presented by our local partner, the Panama Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ Society. The program’s goal is to make conservation relevant to generations of future Panamanian voters, scientists, and decision-makers.

Developed in 2009, Aulas Verdes is the ’s signature environmental education program. Via field trips and weekly hands-on activities, schoolchildren experience nature and learn how local ecosystems support birds, fish, and other biodiversity found in and around the Bay of Panama. The program, active in 25 schools and serving more than 3,500 students each year, recently expanded its coverage to the Bay of Parita, and has reached more than 24,720 primary school students in 18 schools. The Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ is proud to support this program.

Addressing Plastic Pollution in Panama

Focal Species in Panama
! Priority Bird
Western Sandpiper
Sandpipers
! Priority Bird
Short-billed Dowitcher
Sandpipers
Whimbrel
Sandpipers
Semipalmated Plover
Plovers
! Priority Bird
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Sandpipers
Black-bellied Plover
Plovers
Willet
Sandpipers

News from the Americas

COP29 Must Be the Last Missed Global Climate Opportunity
December 05, 2024 — Ahead of the next UN climate summit, Ô¼ÅÚÊÓƵ and our global partners are committed to nature-based solutions for birds and people.
An aerial view of an all-terrain vehicle driving through a landscape
First Nations Are On the Cusp of a Big Marine Conservation Win in Canada—and They Have Even Bigger Plans
December 02, 2024 — Indigenous communities in Ontario are leading a campaign to protect critical portions of a vast inland sea that people, migratory birds, and other wildlife all rely upon. Can they conserve the coastline and carbon-storing peatlands, too?
Seal River Watershed Alliance Land Guardians with Nasly Fernanda Vidales González, Subsecretary of Sustainable Development for the Cauca Valley
Land Guardians Step Into the Spotlight
November 07, 2024 — Reprint of an op-ed article in the Winnipeg Free Press about the Seal River Watershed Alliance Land Guardians representing their work at COP16